This volume contains the papers presented at the 15th International Symposium on Hearing (ISH), which was held at the Hotel Regio, Santa Marta de Tormes, Salamanca, Spain, between 1st and 5th June 2009. Since its inception in 1969, this Symposium has been a forum of excellence for debating the neurophysiological basis of auditory perception, with computational models as tools to test and unify physiological and perceptual theories. Every paper in this symposium includes two of the following: auditory physiology, psychoph- ics or modeling. The topics range from cochlear physiology to auditory attention and learning. While the symposium is always hosted by European countries, p- ticipants come from all over the world and are among the leaders in their fields. The result is an outstanding symposium, which has been described by some as a "world summit of auditory research. " The current volume has a bottom-up structure from "simpler" physiological to more "complex" perceptual phenomena and follows the order of presentations at the meeting. Parts I to III are dedicated to information processing in the peripheral au- tory system and its implications for auditory masking, spectral processing, and c- ing. Part IV focuses on the physiological bases of pitch and timbre perception. Part V is dedicated to binaural hearing. Parts VI and VII cover recent advances in und- standing speech processing and perception and auditory scene analysis. Part VIII focuses on the neurophysiological bases of novelty detection, attention, and learning.

Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda, Ph.D. is director of the Auditory Computation and Psychoacoustics Unit of the Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (University of Salamanca, Spain). His research focuses on understanding and modeling human cochlear nonlinear signal processing and the role of the peripheral auditory system in normal and impaired auditory perception. He has authored over 45 scientific papers and book chapters and is co-editor of the book Computational Models of the Auditory System (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research). He has been principal investigator, participant and consultant on numerous research projects. He is member of the Acoustical Society of America and of the Association of Research in Otolaryngololgy.

Alan R. Palmer, Ph.D. is Deputy Director of the MRC Institute of Hearing Research and holds a Special Professorship in neuroscience at the University of Nottingham UK. He received his first degree in Biological Sciences from the University of Birmingham UK and his PhD in Communication and Neuroscience from the University of Keele UK. After postdoctoral research at Keele, he established his own laboratory at the National Institute for Medical Research in London. This was followed by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship at the University of Sussex before taking a program leader position at the Medical Research Council Institute for Hearing Research in 1986. He heads a research team that uses neurophysiological, computational and neuroanatomical techniques to study the way the brain processes sound.

Ray Meddis, Ph.D. is director of the Hearing Research Laboratory at the University of Essex, England. His research has concentrated on the development of computer models of the physiology of the auditory periphery and how these can be incorporated into models of psychophysical phenomena such as pitch and auditory scene analysis. He has published extensively inthis area. He is co-editor of the book Computational Models of the Auditory System (Springer Handbook of Auditory Research). His current research concerns the application of computer models to an understanding of hearing impairment. He is a fellow of the Acoustical Society of America and a member of the Association of Research in Otolaryngololgy.

Contents

Part I Cochlea/Peripheral Processing

1 Influence of Neural Synchrony on the Compound Action Potential,

Masking, and the Discrimination of Harmonic Complexes

2 A Nonlinear Auditory Filterbank Controlled by Sub-band Instantaneous

Frequency Estimates

3 Estimates of Tuning of Auditory Filter Using Simultaneous

and Forward Notched-noise

4 A Model of Ventral Cochlear Nucleus Units Based on First Order

5 The Effect of Reverberation on the Temporal Representation

of the F0 of Frequency Swept Harmonic Complexes

in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus

6 Spectral Edges as Optimal Stimuli for the Dorsal Cochlear

7 Psychophysical and Physiological Assessment of the Representation

of High-frequency Spectral Notches in the Auditory Nerve

Part II Pitch

8 Spatio-Temporal Representation of the Pitch of Complex Tones

in the Auditory

9 Virtual Pitch in a Computational Physiological

10 Searching for a Pitch Centre in Human Auditory

11 Imaging Temporal Pitch Processing in the Auditory Pathway

Part III Modulation

12 Spatiotemporal Encoding of Vowels in Noise Studied with

the Responses of Individual Auditory-Nerve

13 Role of Peripheral Nonlinearities in Comodulation Masking

14 Neuromagnetic Representation of Comodulation Masking Release

in the Human Auditory

15 Psychophysically Driven Studies of Responses to Amplitude

Modulation in the Inferior Colliculus: Comparing Single-Unit

Physiology to Behavioral

16 Source Segregation Based on Temporal Envelope Structure

and Binaural

17 Simulation of Oscillating Neurons in the Cochlear Nucleus:

A Possible Role for Neural Nets, Onset Cells, and Synaptic

18 ForwardMasking: Temporal Integration or Adaptation?

19 The Time Course of Listening

Part IV Animal Communication

20 Frogs Communicate with Ultrasound in Noisy Environments

21 The Olivocochlear System Takes Part in Audio-Vocal Interaction

22 Neural Representation of Frequency Resolution in the Mouse

Auditory Midbrain

23 Behavioral and Neural Identification of Birdsong under Several

Masking Conditions

Part V Intensity Representation

24 Near-Threshold Auditory Evoked Fields and Potentials are In Line

with the Weber-Fechner Law

25 Brain Activation in Relation to Sound Intensity and Loudness

26 Duration Dependency of Spectral Loudness Summation, Measured

with Three Different Experimental Procedures

Part VI Scene Analysis

27 The Correlative Brain: A Stream Segregation Model

28 Primary Auditory Cortical Responses while Attending

to Different Streams

29 Hearing Out Repeating Elements in Randomly Varying Multitone

Sequences: A Case of Streaming?

30 The Dynamics of Auditory Streaming: Psychophysics, Neuroimaging,

and Modeling

31 Auditory Stream Segregation Based on Speaker Size, and Identification

of Size-Modulated Vowel Sequences

32 Auditory Scene Analysis: A Prerequisite for Loudness Perception

33 Modulation Detection Interference as Informational Masking

34 A Paradoxical Aspect of Auditory Change Detection

35 Human Auditory Cortical Processing of Transitions Between

'Order' and 'Disorder'

36 Wideband Inhibition Modulates the Effect of Onset Asynchrony

as a Grouping Cue

37 Discriminability of Statistically Independent Gaussian Noise Tokens

and Random Tone-BurstComplexes

38 The Role of Rehearsal and Lateralization in Pitch Memory

Part VII Binaural Hearing

39 Interaural Correlation and Loudness

40 Interaural Phase and Level Fluctuations as the Basis of Interaural

Incoherence Detection

41 Logarithmic Scaling of Interaural Cross Correlation: A Model Based

on Evidence from Psychophysics and EEG

42 A Physiologically-Based Population Rate Code for Interaural Time

Differences (ITDs) Predicts Bandwidth-Dependent Lateralization

43 A p-Limit for Coding ITDs: Neural Responses and the Binaural Display

44 A p-Limit for Coding ITDs: Implications for Binaural Models

45 Strategies for Encoding ITD in the Chicken Nucleus Laminaris

46 Interaural Level Difference Discrimination Thresholds and Virtual

Acoustic Space Minimum Audible Angles for Single Neurons in the

Lateral Superior Olive

47 Responses in Inferior Colliculus to Dichotic Harmonic Stimuli:

The Binaural Integration of Pitch Cues

48 Level Dependent Shifts in Auditory Nerve Phase Locking Underlie

Changes in Interaural Time Sensitivity with Interaural Level

Differences in the Inferior Colliculus

49 Remote Masking and the Binaural Masking-Level Difference

50 Perceptual and Physiological Characteristics of Binaural

Sluggishness

51 Precedence-Effect with Cochlear Implant Simulation

52 Enhanced Processing of Interaural Temporal Disparities at

High-Frequencies: Beyond Transposed Stimuli

53 Models of Neural Responses to Bilateral Electrical Stimulation

54 Neural and Behavioral Sensitivities to Azimuth Degrade with Distance

in Reverberant Environments

Part VIII Speech and Learning

55 Spectro-temporal Processing of Speech - An Information-Theoretic

Framework

56 Articulation Index and Shannon Mutual Information

57 Perceptual Compensation for Reverberation: Effects of

'Noise-Like' and 'Tonal' Contexts

58 Towards Predicting Consonant Confusions of Degraded Speech

59 The Influence of Masker Type on the Binaural Intelligibility

Level

Index