The second edition of Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine is intended to serve as an authoritative reference source for a broad audience involved in the research, teaching, learning, and practice of nanotechnology in life sciences. This technology, which is on the scale of molecules, has enabled the development of devices smaller and more efficient than anything currently available. To understand complex biological nanosystems at the cellular level, we urgently need to develop a next-generation nanotechnology tool kit. It is believed that the new advances in genetic engineering, genomics, proteomics, medicine, and biotechnology will depend on our mastering of nanotechnology in the coming decades. The integration of nanotechnology, material sciences, molecular biology, and medicine opens the possibility of detecting and manipulating atoms and molecules using nanodevices, which have the potential for a wide variety of biological research topics and medical uses at the cellular level. This book presents the most recent scientific and technological advances of nanotechnology for use in biology and medicine. Each chapter provides introductory material with an overview of the topic of interest; a description of methods, protocols, instrumentation, and applications; and a collection of published data with an extensive list of references for further details. The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent advances in instrumentation, methods, and applications in areas of nanobiotechnology, integrating interdisciplinary research and development of interest to scientists, engineers, manufacturers, teachers, and students.

Tuan Vo-Dinh is R. Eugene and Susie E. Goodson Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Professor of Chemistry, and Director of the Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics at Duke University. A native of Vietnam and a naturalized U.S. citizen, Dr. Vo-Dinh completed high school education in Saigon (now Ho Chi minh City). He continued his studies in Europe where he received a B.S. in physics in 1970 from EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne) in Lausanne, Switzerland, and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1975 from ETH (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) in Zurich, Switzerland. Before joining Duke University in 2006, Dr. Vo-Dinh was Director of the Center for Advanced Biomedical Photonics, Group Leader of Advanced Biomedical Science and Technology Group, and a Corporate Fellow, one of the highest honors for distinguished scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). His research has focused on the development of advanced technologies for the protection of the environment and the improvement of human health. His research activities involve nano-biophotonics, nanosensors, laser spectroscopy, molecular imaging, medical diagnostics, cancer detection, chemical sensors, biosensors, and biochips.

Dr. Vo-Dinh has authored over 400 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals. He is the author of a textbook on spectroscopy and editor of 6 books. He holds over 37 U.S. and international patents, five of which have been licensed to private companies for commercial development. Dr. Vo-Dinh has presented over 200 invited lectures at international meetings in universities and research institutions. He has chaired over 20 international conferences in his field of research and served on various national and international scientific committees. He also serves the scientific community through his participation in a wide range of governmental and industrial boards and advisory committees.

Dr. Vo-Dinh has received seven R&D 100 Awards for Most Technologically Significant Advance in Research and Development for his pioneering research and inventions of innovative technologies. He has received the Gold Medal Award, Society for Applied Spectroscopy (1988); the Languedoc-Roussillon Award (France) (1989); the Scientist of the Year Award, ORNL (1992); the Thomas Jefferson Award, Martin Marietta Corporation (1992); two Awards for Excellence in Technology Transfer, Federal Laboratory Consortium (1995, 1986); the Inventor of the Year Award, Tennessee Inventors Association (1996); and the Lockheed Martin Technology Commercialization Award (1998), The Distinguished Inventors Award, UT-Battelle (2003), and the Distinguished Scientist of the Year Award, ORNL (2003). In 1997, Dr. Vo-Dinh was presented the Exceptional Services Award for distinguished contribution to a Healthy Citizenry from the U.S. Department of Energy. In 2011 Dr. Vo-Dinh received the Award for Spectrochemical Analysis from the American Chemical Society (ACS) Division of Analytical Chemistry.

Nanotechnology at the New Frontier of Biology and Medicine. Tuan Vo-Dinh. Self-Assembled Organic Nanotubes: Novel Bionanomaterials for Orthopaedics and Tissue Engineering, Rachel L. Beingessner, Baljit Singh, Thomas J. Webster, Hicham Fenniri. Gold Nanoparticles with Organic Linkers for Applications in Biomedicine, Olga Shimoni and Stella M. Valenzuela. Nucleoprotein-Based Nanodevices in Drug Design and Delivery, Elizabeth Singer, Katarzyna Lamparska-Kupsik, Jarrod Clark, Kristofer Munson, Leo Kretzner and Steven S. Smith. Bimetallic Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization, Tarasankar Pal, Anjali Pal and Sudipa Panigrahi. Nanotube-based Membrane Systems, Lane A. Baker and Charles R. Martin. Nanoimaging of Biomolecules Using Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy, Musundi B. Wabuyele and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Development and Modeling of a Novel Self-Assembly Process for Polymer and Polymeric Composite Nanoparticles, B. G. Sumpter, J.-M.Y. Carrillo, S.-K. Ahn, M. D. Barnes, W.A. Shelton, R.J. Harrison, D.W. Noid. Cellular Interfacing with Arrays of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers and Nanofiber-Templated Materials, Timothy E. McKnight, Anatoli V. Melechko, Guy D. Griffin, Michael A. Guillorn, Vladimir I Merkulov, Mitchel J. Doktycz, M. Nance Ericson, Michael L. Simpson. Single-Molecule Detection Techniques for Monitoring Cellular Activity at the Nanoscale Level, Kui Chen and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Optical Nanobiosensors and Nanoprobes, Tuan Vo-Dinh. Surface Enhanced Fluorescence Based Biosensors, Samuel Gresillon and Emmanuel Fort. Biomolecule Sensing Using Surface Plasmon Resonance, H.P. Ho, F.C. Loo, S.K. Kong and S.Y. Wu. Molecular SERS Nanoprobes for Medical Diagnostics, Hsin-Neng Wang, Bridget Crawford and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Silicon Nanoparticles for Biophotonics, Mark T. Swihart. Nanoscale Optical Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), Amanda J. Haes, Douglas A. Stuart, and Richard P. Van Duyne. Synthetic Biology: From Gene Circuits to Novel Biological Tools, Nina G. Argibay, Eric M. Vazquez, Cortney E. Wilson, Travis J.A. Craddock, and Robert P. Smith. Recent Trends in Nanomaterials Integration into Simple Biosensing Platforms, Andrzej Chalupniak and Arben Merkoçi. Nanobiosensors: Carbon Nanotubes in Bioelectrochemistry, Sean Brahim, Nikhil K. Shukla and Anthony Guiseppi-Elie. Monitoring Apoptosis and Anticancer Drug Activity in Single Cells Using Nanosensors, Paul M. Kasili and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Biosensing and Theranostics Applications of Gold Nanostars, Yang Liu, Hsiangkuo Yuan and Tuan Vo-Dinh. A Fractal Analysis of Binding And Dissociation Kinetics of Glucose and Related Analytes on Biosensor Surfaces at the Nanoscale Level, Neeti Sadana, Tuan Vo-Dinh and Ajit Sadana. Integrated Cantilever Based Biosensors for the Detection of Chemical and Biological Entities, Elise A. Corbin, Ashkan YekrangSafakar, Olaoluwa Adeniba, Amit Gupta, Kidong Park, and Rashid Bashir. Design and Biological Applications of Nanostructured Poly(ethylene glycol) Films, Sadhana Sharma, Ketul C. Popat, and Tejal A. Desai. Development of Gold Nanostars for Two-Photon Photoluminescence Imaging and Photothermal Therapy, Hsiangkuo Yuan, Yang Liu, and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Surface Plasmon Enhanced Nanohole Arrays for Biosensing, Jean-Francois Masson, Maxime Couture, Hugo-Pierre Poirier-Richard. Sensitive DNA Detection and SNP Identification Using Ultrabright SERS Nanorattles and Magnetic Beads for In Vitro Diagnostics, Hoan T. Ngo, Naveen Gandra, Andrew M. Fales, Steve M. Taylor, and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Gold Nanorods for Diagnostics and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer, Xiaohua Huang and Mostafa A. El-Sayed. Applications of Nanotechnology in Reproductive Medicine, Celine Jones, Natalia Barkalina, Sarah Francis, Lien Davidson and Kevin Coward. Theranostic Nanoprobes for SERS Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy, Andrew Fales and Tuan Vo-Dinh. Virus-like Particle-Mediated Intracellular Delivery for Nanomedicine, Jadwiga Chroboczek and Inga Szurgot. In Vivo Sensing Using SERS Nanoprobes and Nanosensors, Janna Register, Andrew M. Fales, Hsin-Neng Wang, Gregory M. Palmer, Bruce Klitzman, and Tuan Vo-Dinh.