The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a comprehensive, anatomically-based system for describing all observable facial movement. It has been used for research on the psychology of emotion, to understand mental health, to detect deception, and to drive the computer generated images in special effects. This book includes original studies using FACS, the study of spontaneous behavior in both humans and animals that cuts across several fields--including Psychology, Medicine, Law, and Veterinary Medicine.

Erika Rosenberg, PhD, a facial scientist who trained with Paul Ekman (senior author of the FACS system), has worked extensively with FACS in both research and applied fields since 1988. She is a Consulting Scientist at the Center for Mind and Brain at UC Davis and Chief Scientific Office at Humain, Ltd. Creator of the 5-day FACS workshop, Dr. Rosenberg has trained hundreds of people around the world to use FACS and contributed to the ongoing development of FACS training tools. She consults on the use of FACS in a variety of contexts including the behavioral sciences, law enforcement, and digital effects. Erika Rosenberg is also a teacher of meditation and co-developer of the Compassion Cultivation Training Program (CCT) at Stanford University. She is Founding faculty at The Compassion Institute (a non-profit devoted to compassion education worldwide), and Faculty at The Nyingma Institute of Tibetan Studies in Berkeley.
Paul Ekman, PhD is Professor Emeritus, University of California, San Francisco and co-creator of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), with Wallace V. Friesen. Dr. Ekman's groundbreaking cross-cultural research on the universality of facial expressions of emotion helped launch the field of emotion research in the mid-late 20th Century. He and Wallace Friesen published the original FACS manual in 1978, and, with Joe Hager, PhD, published its first revision in 2002. Dr. Ekman, is regarded as a pioneer in the study of facial expression, emotion, and deception, and has published thousands of articles, books, and chapters across these areas.

• Introduction to the 3rd edition: FACS in the 21st Century (Erika L. Rosenberg)


• Section 1: Animal FACS


• Chapter 1: Classifying Chimpanzee Facial Expressions Using Muscle Action. (Lisa A. Parr, Bridget M. Waller, Sarah J. Vick, and Kim A. Bard)


• Afterword: Ten years after ChimpFACS. (Parr)


• Chapter 2: Pedomorphic facial expressions give dogs a selective advantage. (Bridget M. Waller, Kate Peirce, Cátia C. Caeiro1, Linda Scheider, Anne M. Burrows, Sandra McCune, and Juliane Kaminski)


• Afterword: Extending FACS beyond primates (Waller)


• Chapter 3: EquiFACS: The Equine Facial Action Coding System (Coding System (Jen Wathan, Anne M. Burrows, Bridget M. Waller, Karen McComb.)


• Afterword: What might comparisons across species reveal? (Wathan)


• Section 2: Automated FACS measurement


• Chapter 4: Signal characteristics of spontaneous facial expressions: Automatic movement in solitary and social smiles. (Karen L. Schmidt, Jeffrey F. Cohn, and Yingli Tian)


• Chapter 5: Toward automatic recognition of spontaneous facial actions


• (Marian Stewart Bartlett, Javier R. Movellan, Gwen LIttlewort, Bjorn Braathen, Mark G. Frank, and Terrance J. Sejnowski)


• Afterword: The next generation of automated facial measurement. (Movellan and Bartlett)


• Chapter 6: Spontaneous facial expression in unscripted social interactions can be measured automatically (Jeffrey M. Girard, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Laszlo A. Jeni, Michael A. Sayette, and Fernando De la Torre.)


• Afterword: Generalizability of automated AU detection (Girard and Cohn)


• Section 3: Basic Affective Science


• Chapter 7: Differentiating emotion elicited and deliberate emotional facial expression (Ursula Hess and Robert E. Kleck)


• Afterword: Objective Differences versus Observer's Ratings. (Hess)


• Chapter 8: Smiles When Lying (Paul Ekman, Maureen O' Sullivan* and Wallace Friesen*)


• Afterword: Smiles when lying (Ekman)


• Chapter 9: Coherence between expressive and experiential systems in emotion


• (Erika L. Rosenberg and Paul Ekman)


• Afterword: Emotions as unified responses (Rosenberg)


• Chapter 10: Signs of appeasement: Evidence for distinct displays of embarrassment, amusement, and shame (Dacher Keltner)


• Afterword: The forms and functions of embarrassment (Keltner).


• Section 4: Development


• Chapter 11: Differential Facial Responses to Four Basic Tastes in Newborns


• (Diane Rosenstein and Harriet Oster)


• Afterword: Facial Expression as a Window on Sensory Experience and Affect in Newborn Infants: Research with Baby FACS (Oster)


• Chapter 12: Do Infants Show Distinct Negative Facial Expressions for Fear and Anger? Emotional Expression in 11-Month-Old European American, Chinese, and Japanese Infants (Linda A. Camras, Harriet Oster, Roger Bakeman, Zhaolan Meng, Tatsuo Ujiie, and Joseph J. Campos.)


• Afterword: Studying Infant Facial Expressions Across Cultures (Camras, Oster, and Campos)


• Chapter 13: All smiles are positive, but some smiles are more positive than others.(Daniel S. Messinger, Alan Fogel and K. Laurie Dickson)


• Afterword: Smile on: New developments in measuring and modeling positive affect. (Messinger)


• Chapter 14: Facial expressions of emotion and psychopathology in adolescent boys (Dacher Keltner Terrie E. Moffitt and Magda Stouthamer-Loeber)


• Afterword: Facial expression, personality, and psychopathology (Keltner)


• Section 5: Pain


• Chapter 15: Genuine, suppressed, and faked facial behavior during exacerbation of chronic low back pain (Kenneth D. Craig, Susan A. Hyde, and Christopher J. Patrick)


• Afterword: On Knowing Another's Pain (Craig)


• Chapter 16: Pain and Disgust: The Facial Signaling of Two Aversive Bodily Experiences (Miriam Kunz, Jessica Peter, Sonja Huster, and Stefan Lautenbacher


• Afterword: The question of uniqueness of the facial expression of pain (Lautenbacher and Kunz)


• Chapter 17: The influence of communicative relations on facial responses to pain: Does it matter who is watching? (Anna J. Karmann, Stefan Lautenbacher, Florian Bauer, and Miriam Kunz )


• Afterword: How social context shapes the way we facially express pain (Kunz and Lautenbacher)


• Chapter 18: Effects of Alzheimer Disease on the Facial Expression of Pain


• (Paul A. Beach, Jonathan T. Huck, Melodie M. Miranda, Kevin T. Foley, MD, and Andrea C. Bozoki,)


• Afterword: The face of pain in Alzheimer's disease (Beach)


• Section 6: Psychopathology


• Chapter 19: Facial expression in affective disorders (Paul Ekman, David Matsumoto, and Wallace Friesen*)


• Afterword: Depression and expression (Ekman)


• Chapter 20: Interaction Regulations Used by Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Patients.(Evelyne Steimer-Krause, Rainer R. Krause, and Günter Wagner).


• Afterword: Update on the Research on Dyadic Interaction of Behaviors in Psychotherapy (Krause)


• Chapter 21: Affective relationship patterns and psychotherapeutic change


• (Eva Bänninger-Huber and Christine Widmer)


• Afterword: Interactive relationship patterns in every day interactions and in psychotherapy (Bänninger-Huber and Huber)


• Chapter 22: Nonverbal social withdrawal in depression: Evidence from manual and automatic analyses (Jeffrey M. Girard, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Mohammad H. Mahoor, Mohammad Mavadati, Zakia Hammal, and Dean P. Rosenwald)


• Afterword: Automated Analysis of Depressed Behavior (Girard and Cohn)


• Chapter 23: Duchenne display responses towards sixteen enjoyable emotions: Individual differences between no and fear of being laughed at (Tracey Platt, Jennifer Hofmann, Willibald Ruch, and Rene T. Proyer.)


• Afterword: The role of enjoyable emotions in understanding the fear of being laughed at (Platt )


• Section 7: Social and Health Psychology


• Chapter 24: Linkages between facial expressions of emotion and transient myocardial ischemia in men with coronary disease (Erika Rosenberg, Paul Ekman, R. Edward Coleman, Wei Jiang, Michael Hanson, Christopher O' Connor, Robert Waugh, and James A. Blumenthal)


• Afterword: Facial expression and emotion in the study of heart disease (Rosenberg)


• Chapter 25: Extraversion, alcohol, and enjoyment. (Willibald Ruch)


• Afterword: Laughter and cheerfulness (Ruch)


• Chapter 26: The Effects of alcohol on the emotional displays of whites in interracial groups (Catharine E. Fairbairn, Michael A. Sayette, John M. Levine, Jeffrey F. Cohn, and Kasey G. Creswell)


• Afterword: Using FACS to understand underlying processes during social exchange both inside and outside the laboratory. (Fairbairn and Sayette)


• Chapter 27: Alcohol and Group Formation: A Multimodal Investigation of the Effects of Alcohol on Emotion and Social Bonding (Michael A. Sayette, Kasey G. Creswell, John D. Dimoff, Catharine E. Fairbairn, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Bryan W. Heckman, Thomas R. Kirchner, John M. Levine, and Richard L. Moreland)


• Afterword: Use of FACS in a social context can enhance understanding of addiction (Sayette and Fairbairn)


• Chapter 28: Intensive Meditation Training Influences Emotional Responses to Suffering (Erika L. Rosenberg, Anthony P. Zanesco, Brandon G. King, Stephen R. Aichele, Tonya L. Jacobs, David A. Bridwell, Katherine A. MacLean, Phillip R. Shaver, Emilio Ferrer, Baljinder K. Sahdra, Shiri Lavy, B. Alan Wallace, and Clifford D. Saron)


• Afterword: Mind training and facial emotion: A New Frontier (Rosenberg)


• ***


• Concluding Commentary by Paul Ekman: FACS: Yesterday and Today


• (Paul Ekman)